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Túpolev (en ruso: Туполев) es una empresa de defensa y aeronáutica rusa. Su nombre oficial es PSC Túpolev, y es la heredera de la conocida Túpolev OKB (Opytno Konstruktórskoye Biuró) u Oficina de Construcción y Diseño Túpolev (OKB-156, con prefijo Tu para sus diseños) liderada por el famoso ingeniero aeroespacial soviético Andréi N. Túpolev. La compañía celebró sus 80 años de historia el 22 de octubre de 2002, y tiene su sede en Moscú.
Variantes [editar]
Badger-A: bombardero estratégico básico, capaz de utilizar armas de caída libre tanto convencionales como nucleares; la versión producida en China se basa en este modelo.
Bagder-B: similar al modelo anterior, pero equipado inicialmente para utilizar misiles antibuque; después fue empleado como bombardero.
Badger-C: versión antibuque, equipada con ingenios AS-2 (cod. OTAN: Kipper) bajo el fuselaje o los más pequeños AS-6 (cod. OTAN: Kingfish).
Badger-D: variante de reconocimiento electrónico o de reconocimiento marítimo.
Badger-E: similar a la versión Badger-A, pero con capacidad de reconocimiento fotográfico.
Badger-F: similar a la Badger-E, pero con contenedores de medidas de inteligencia electrónica bajo las alas.
Badger-G: similar a la versión Badger-A, pero equipada para llevar también misiles AS-5 (cod. OTAN: Kelt).
Badger-G (modificada): versión equipada especialmente para poder utilizar los misiles AS-6 "Kingfish"
Badger-H: avión de contramedidas electrónicas, equipado asimismo con lanzadores de chaff para protección de formaciones de ataque.
Badger-J: versión de contramedidas electrónicas, destinada a perturbar los equipos de localización enemigos.
Badger-K: otra versión de contramedidas electrónicas.
Bibliografía [editar]
Enciclopedia Ilustrada de la Aviación Vol.12 pag.3019 Edit.Delta.1.984 Barcelona ISBN 84-7598-020-1
Gunston, Bill (1995).The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975-1995 ISBN 1 85532 405 9
Variants
See also: Xian H-6
Among the main production variants of the Badger were the Tu-16 and Tu-16A bombers; Tu-16KS and Tu-16K-10 missile carriers; Tu-16SPS, "Elka", and Tu-16Ye ECM aircraft; Tu-16R reconnaissance aircraft; and Tu-16T torpedo bomber; others were produced from conversions. Individual aircraft could be modified several times, with designations changed, especially concerning missile-carrying aircraft.
Badger A (Tu-16) - This the basic configuration of the Tu-16 bomber deployed in 1954 to replace the Tu-4. Several modified models of these variant existed, all of which were known as Badger A in the West.
Tu-16A - Modified Tu-16s designed to carry nuclear bombs, one of main versions, with 453 built. Many of those units were subsequently converted into other variants.
Tu-16Z - An early specialized version of the Tu-16 that served as airborne tankers (a refuelling method: wing-to-wing), though they retain their medium bomber role.
Tu-16G (Tu-104G) - Fast air mail model, Aeroflot aircrew training version.
Tu-16N - A dedicated tanker version for Tu-22/Tu-22M bombers, with probe and drogue system. Entered service in 1963. Similar aircraft Tu-16NN converted from Tu-16Z.
Tu-16T - Limited production maritime strike version (torpedo bomber), that served in the Soviet Naval Aviation, and carried torpedoes, mines and depth charges. 76 built and some more converted. All units subsequently converted into Tu-16S configuration.
Tu-16S - A lifeboat carrier version used for search and rescue operations.
Tu-16Ye - These were equipped with heavy electronic warfare and electronic intelligence (ELINT) equipment.
Badger B (Tu-16KS) - Variant designed as a launch platform for two AS-1 Kennel/KS-1 Komet missiles. 107 built in 1954-1958, served with the Soviet Naval Aviation, Egypt and Indonesia. Soviet ones later converted with newer missiles.
Tu-16K-10-26 Badger C
Badger C (Tu-16K-10) - Another Naval Aviation variant, units of this version carried a single AS-2 Kipper/K-10S anti-ship missile. 216 built in 1958-1963. It differed from other variants having a radar in a nose. A further development, the Tu-16K-10-26, carried a single K-10S and two KSR-2 or KSR-5 missiles (K-26 missile complex). Some were later converted into ELINT platforms.
Badger D (Tu-16RM-1) - Maritime reconnaissance model with ELINT equipment; 23 converted from Tu-16K-10. It retained its radar in a nose and could guide K-10S missiles, fired from other planes, at targets.
Badger E (Tu-16R) - Reconnaissance version of the airframe, with ELINT equipment, first of all meant for maritime reconnaissance. It could guide KS missiles.
Tu-16RM-2 - modified Tu-16R, serving in the Naval Aviation. It could guide KSR-2 missiles.
Tu-16KRM - Launch platforms for target drones (a variant of Tu-16K-26).
Badger F (Tu-16RM-2) - Another reconnaissance version based on the -16R/RM but with the addition of external ELINT equipment.
Tu-16 Badger G with KSR-5 missile
Badger G (Tu-16K/Tu-16KSR) - Serving in the Naval Aviation, these were conversions from earlier models. These were designed to carry bombs in internal bays in addition to carrying air-to-surface missiles externally, such as the AS-5 Kelt and AS-6 Kingfish. There existed numerous variants, designated either from carried missile complex (K-11, K-16 and K-26) or from missiles of these complexes (KSR-11, KSR-2 and KSR-5). Following further modifications, they were also given suffixes. Main variants:
Tu-16KSR-2 - carrying the K-16 complex (two KSR-2 missiles). Used from 1962. Similar aircraft, converted from other variants, were designated Tu-16K-16.
Tu-16K-11-16 - carrying the K-16 complex (KSR-2 missiles) or the K-11 complex (two anti-radar KSR-11 missiles). Used from 1962. Similar aircraft were designated Tu-16KSR-2-11. Over 440 Tu-16 could carry the K-16 or K-11 complex.
Tu-16K-26 or Tu-16KSR-2-11-16, with KSR-5 missiles under wings
·
Tu-16K-26 - carrying the K-26 complex (two KSR-5 missiles), retaining a capability of KSR-2 and 11 missiles. Used from 1969. Similar aircraft were designated Tu-16KSR-2-5-11 or Tu-16KSR-2-5 (no KSR-11 capability). Over 240 Tu-16 could carry the K-26 complex.
Tu-16K-26P - carrying the K-26P missiles (two anti-radar KSR-5P missiles, as well as KSR-5, 2 or 11).
Badger H (Tu-16 Elka) - Designed for stand-off electronic warfare and electronic counter-measures support.
Badger J (Tu-16P Buket) - Another electronic warfare variant configured as an ECM strike escort.
Badger K (Tu-16Ye) - Believed to be a version of the Badger F configuration possessing enhanced ELINT capability.
Badger L (Tu-16P) - Another version of the Badger J with more modern systems and used in ELINT role.
[edit] Operators
Current operators of the Tu-16/H-6 in bright red, former operators in dark red
Armenia
Armenian Air Force : 30 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[4]
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Air Force : 10 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[5]
Belarus
Belarus Air Force : 121 aircraft inherited upon the fall of the Soviet Union [6], out of service by 1995.[7]
People's Republic of China
People's Liberation Army Air Force : A few Tu-16s were acquired in 1959; the type was then built under license as the Xian H-6[1]
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force
Egypt
Egyptian Air Force : Operated Tu-16KS, Tu-16T, Tu-16KSR-2-11, and Tu-16R. Also operated H-6. Last retired in 2000.[1]
Georgia
Georgian Air Force : 20 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[8]
Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force : 25 Tu-16KS-1 acquired in 1961, Used during the preparation of Operation TRIKORA in 1962 (taking of Western New Guinea from the Netherlands) in Western New Guinea (now, Papua and Papua Barat). All of the aircraft planned for attacking Karel Doorman, Netherlands Naval Fleet Aircraft Carrier which sailed near Irian Barat. 14 aircraft in Skadron 41 and 12 more aircraft in Skadron 42. All of the aircraft based at Iswahjudi Air Force Base, Madiun, East Java. All of the aircraft grounded in 1969. No longer in service since 1970 [1]
Iraqi Tu-16's at Al Asad Airbase, Iraq
Iraq
Iraqi Air Force : Eight Tu-16, six Tu-16KSR-2-11. Also operated H-6. All destroyed in Operation Desert Storm in 1991.[1]
Russia
Russian Air Force : Many aircrafts inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1993.
Russian Naval Aviation
Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force
Soviet Naval Aviation
Ukraine
Ukrainian Air Force : 18 aircraft inherited from USSR.[6] All put out of service today.
Specifications (Tu-16)
General characteristics
Crew: Four
Length: 34.80 m (114 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 33.00 m (108 ft 3 in)
Height: 10.36 m (34 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 165 m² (1,775 ft²)
Empty weight: 37,200 kg (82,000 lb)
Loaded weight: 76,000 kg (168,00 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 79,000 kg (174,000 lb)
Powerplant: 2× Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojets, 93.2 kN (20,900 lbf) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,050 km/h (656 mph)
Range: 7,200 km (4,500 mi)
Service ceiling: 12,800 m (42,000 ft)
Wing loading: 460 kg/m² (94 lb/ft²)
Thrust/weight: 0.24
Armament
Guns: 6-7× 23 mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannons, two each in dorsal and ventral remote turrets and manned tail turret, with the occasional addition of one fixed forward in the nose
Bombs: 9,000 kg (20,000 lb) of free-fall weapons or
Missiles:
1× Kh-10 (AS-2 'Kipper') anti-ship missile semi-recessed in bomb bay or
1× Kh-26 (AS-6 'Kingfish') anti-ship missile on port underwing hardpoint
Variantes [editar]
Badger-A: bombardero estratégico básico, capaz de utilizar armas de caída libre tanto convencionales como nucleares; la versión producida en China se basa en este modelo.
Bagder-B: similar al modelo anterior, pero equipado inicialmente para utilizar misiles antibuque; después fue empleado como bombardero.
Badger-C: versión antibuque, equipada con ingenios AS-2 (cod. OTAN: Kipper) bajo el fuselaje o los más pequeños AS-6 (cod. OTAN: Kingfish).
Badger-D: variante de reconocimiento electrónico o de reconocimiento marítimo.
Badger-E: similar a la versión Badger-A, pero con capacidad de reconocimiento fotográfico.
Badger-F: similar a la Badger-E, pero con contenedores de medidas de inteligencia electrónica bajo las alas.
Badger-G: similar a la versión Badger-A, pero equipada para llevar también misiles AS-5 (cod. OTAN: Kelt).
Badger-G (modificada): versión equipada especialmente para poder utilizar los misiles AS-6 "Kingfish"
Badger-H: avión de contramedidas electrónicas, equipado asimismo con lanzadores de chaff para protección de formaciones de ataque.
Badger-J: versión de contramedidas electrónicas, destinada a perturbar los equipos de localización enemigos.
Badger-K: otra versión de contramedidas electrónicas.
Bibliografía [editar]
Enciclopedia Ilustrada de la Aviación Vol.12 pag.3019 Edit.Delta.1.984 Barcelona ISBN 84-7598-020-1
Gunston, Bill (1995).The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975-1995 ISBN 1 85532 405 9
Variants
See also: Xian H-6
Among the main production variants of the Badger were the Tu-16 and Tu-16A bombers; Tu-16KS and Tu-16K-10 missile carriers; Tu-16SPS, "Elka", and Tu-16Ye ECM aircraft; Tu-16R reconnaissance aircraft; and Tu-16T torpedo bomber; others were produced from conversions. Individual aircraft could be modified several times, with designations changed, especially concerning missile-carrying aircraft.
Badger A (Tu-16) - This the basic configuration of the Tu-16 bomber deployed in 1954 to replace the Tu-4. Several modified models of these variant existed, all of which were known as Badger A in the West.
Tu-16A - Modified Tu-16s designed to carry nuclear bombs, one of main versions, with 453 built. Many of those units were subsequently converted into other variants.
Tu-16Z - An early specialized version of the Tu-16 that served as airborne tankers (a refuelling method: wing-to-wing), though they retain their medium bomber role.
Tu-16G (Tu-104G) - Fast air mail model, Aeroflot aircrew training version.
Tu-16N - A dedicated tanker version for Tu-22/Tu-22M bombers, with probe and drogue system. Entered service in 1963. Similar aircraft Tu-16NN converted from Tu-16Z.
Tu-16T - Limited production maritime strike version (torpedo bomber), that served in the Soviet Naval Aviation, and carried torpedoes, mines and depth charges. 76 built and some more converted. All units subsequently converted into Tu-16S configuration.
Tu-16S - A lifeboat carrier version used for search and rescue operations.
Tu-16Ye - These were equipped with heavy electronic warfare and electronic intelligence (ELINT) equipment.
Badger B (Tu-16KS) - Variant designed as a launch platform for two AS-1 Kennel/KS-1 Komet missiles. 107 built in 1954-1958, served with the Soviet Naval Aviation, Egypt and Indonesia. Soviet ones later converted with newer missiles.
Tu-16K-10-26 Badger C
Badger C (Tu-16K-10) - Another Naval Aviation variant, units of this version carried a single AS-2 Kipper/K-10S anti-ship missile. 216 built in 1958-1963. It differed from other variants having a radar in a nose. A further development, the Tu-16K-10-26, carried a single K-10S and two KSR-2 or KSR-5 missiles (K-26 missile complex). Some were later converted into ELINT platforms.
Badger D (Tu-16RM-1) - Maritime reconnaissance model with ELINT equipment; 23 converted from Tu-16K-10. It retained its radar in a nose and could guide K-10S missiles, fired from other planes, at targets.
Badger E (Tu-16R) - Reconnaissance version of the airframe, with ELINT equipment, first of all meant for maritime reconnaissance. It could guide KS missiles.
Tu-16RM-2 - modified Tu-16R, serving in the Naval Aviation. It could guide KSR-2 missiles.
Tu-16KRM - Launch platforms for target drones (a variant of Tu-16K-26).
Badger F (Tu-16RM-2) - Another reconnaissance version based on the -16R/RM but with the addition of external ELINT equipment.
Tu-16 Badger G with KSR-5 missile
Badger G (Tu-16K/Tu-16KSR) - Serving in the Naval Aviation, these were conversions from earlier models. These were designed to carry bombs in internal bays in addition to carrying air-to-surface missiles externally, such as the AS-5 Kelt and AS-6 Kingfish. There existed numerous variants, designated either from carried missile complex (K-11, K-16 and K-26) or from missiles of these complexes (KSR-11, KSR-2 and KSR-5). Following further modifications, they were also given suffixes. Main variants:
Tu-16KSR-2 - carrying the K-16 complex (two KSR-2 missiles). Used from 1962. Similar aircraft, converted from other variants, were designated Tu-16K-16.
Tu-16K-11-16 - carrying the K-16 complex (KSR-2 missiles) or the K-11 complex (two anti-radar KSR-11 missiles). Used from 1962. Similar aircraft were designated Tu-16KSR-2-11. Over 440 Tu-16 could carry the K-16 or K-11 complex.
Tu-16K-26 or Tu-16KSR-2-11-16, with KSR-5 missiles under wings
·
Tu-16K-26 - carrying the K-26 complex (two KSR-5 missiles), retaining a capability of KSR-2 and 11 missiles. Used from 1969. Similar aircraft were designated Tu-16KSR-2-5-11 or Tu-16KSR-2-5 (no KSR-11 capability). Over 240 Tu-16 could carry the K-26 complex.
Tu-16K-26P - carrying the K-26P missiles (two anti-radar KSR-5P missiles, as well as KSR-5, 2 or 11).
Badger H (Tu-16 Elka) - Designed for stand-off electronic warfare and electronic counter-measures support.
Badger J (Tu-16P Buket) - Another electronic warfare variant configured as an ECM strike escort.
Badger K (Tu-16Ye) - Believed to be a version of the Badger F configuration possessing enhanced ELINT capability.
Badger L (Tu-16P) - Another version of the Badger J with more modern systems and used in ELINT role.
[edit] Operators
Current operators of the Tu-16/H-6 in bright red, former operators in dark red
Armenia
Armenian Air Force : 30 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[4]
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Air Force : 10 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[5]
Belarus
Belarus Air Force : 121 aircraft inherited upon the fall of the Soviet Union [6], out of service by 1995.[7]
People's Republic of China
People's Liberation Army Air Force : A few Tu-16s were acquired in 1959; the type was then built under license as the Xian H-6[1]
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force
Egypt
Egyptian Air Force : Operated Tu-16KS, Tu-16T, Tu-16KSR-2-11, and Tu-16R. Also operated H-6. Last retired in 2000.[1]
Georgia
Georgian Air Force : 20 aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1995.[8]
Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force : 25 Tu-16KS-1 acquired in 1961, Used during the preparation of Operation TRIKORA in 1962 (taking of Western New Guinea from the Netherlands) in Western New Guinea (now, Papua and Papua Barat). All of the aircraft planned for attacking Karel Doorman, Netherlands Naval Fleet Aircraft Carrier which sailed near Irian Barat. 14 aircraft in Skadron 41 and 12 more aircraft in Skadron 42. All of the aircraft based at Iswahjudi Air Force Base, Madiun, East Java. All of the aircraft grounded in 1969. No longer in service since 1970 [1]
Iraqi Tu-16's at Al Asad Airbase, Iraq
Iraq
Iraqi Air Force : Eight Tu-16, six Tu-16KSR-2-11. Also operated H-6. All destroyed in Operation Desert Storm in 1991.[1]
Russia
Russian Air Force : Many aircrafts inherited from the Soviet Union. Out of service by 1993.
Russian Naval Aviation
Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force
Soviet Naval Aviation
Ukraine
Ukrainian Air Force : 18 aircraft inherited from USSR.[6] All put out of service today.
Specifications (Tu-16)
General characteristics
Crew: Four
Length: 34.80 m (114 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 33.00 m (108 ft 3 in)
Height: 10.36 m (34 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 165 m² (1,775 ft²)
Empty weight: 37,200 kg (82,000 lb)
Loaded weight: 76,000 kg (168,00 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 79,000 kg (174,000 lb)
Powerplant: 2× Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojets, 93.2 kN (20,900 lbf) each
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,050 km/h (656 mph)
Range: 7,200 km (4,500 mi)
Service ceiling: 12,800 m (42,000 ft)
Wing loading: 460 kg/m² (94 lb/ft²)
Thrust/weight: 0.24
Armament
Guns: 6-7× 23 mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannons, two each in dorsal and ventral remote turrets and manned tail turret, with the occasional addition of one fixed forward in the nose
Bombs: 9,000 kg (20,000 lb) of free-fall weapons or
Missiles:
1× Kh-10 (AS-2 'Kipper') anti-ship missile semi-recessed in bomb bay or
1× Kh-26 (AS-6 'Kingfish') anti-ship missile on port underwing hardpoint
Cabe aclarar que aca les presento una de las más hermosas maquetas de mi colección el Tupolev-Tu-16 Badger de la firma de procedencia china trumpeter en escala 1/72 con finos y maravillosos detalles de panelado, para esta ocación se eligió realizar la maqueta segun un ejemplar de la fuerza aerea de Egipto en el año 1967 los que luego fueron destruidos sin despegar porel ataque sorpresa de la aviación israeli.
Tiene trompa vidriada y en sus bodegas esta cargado con bombas convencionales de caída libre. es tiempo de agradecer y de decir que tengo el privilegio de tener en urss forever un trabajo espectacular de mi amigo Jorgr Dominguez quién lo armó para mi despues de seis meses de trabajo y esfuerzo felicitaciones jorge realmente ¡¡¡¡¡¡grandioso!!!!!!
Las pinturas utilizadas son de la firma model master enamel. las viejas y queridas por siempre...... esta es la primera joya de la abuela......
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